From the Spring 2013 Healthy Woman publication
More than half of all cancer deaths could be prevented by making healthy choices, according to the American Cancer Society. "A healthy lifestyle supersedes most everything," said Masood Ghouse, D.O., who specializes in hematology and oncology at Porter Regional Hospital. "Your own choices can make a tremendous difference in reducing your personal risk for cancer." Here are some health tips to help you lower your risk of getting cancer.
Maintain a healthy weight
Research shows that poor diet and not staying active are two key factors that can increase a person's cancer risk. The good news is that you can do something about it. "To maintain a healthy weight, weight loss should be a very slow process- about a pound a month, making healthy choices and limiting quantities. I've seen patients gain weight overeating on healthy foods too. Quantity counts," Ghouse adds.
Stay away from tobacco
Tobacco is the most preventable cause of death in our society according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). And smoking is considered the number-one thing to avoid in reducing your risk for cancer as it's directly related to many types of cancers, not just lung cancer. In fact, cigarette smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, states the ACS. So-called "light" cigarettes and secondhand smoke also put you at risk, so avoid all forms of cigarette smoke to reduce your risk of cancer.
Really limit alcohol
"Some doctors say a glass of wine is good. But oncologists say no," said Ghouse. Evidence shows that alcohol increases the risk for breast cancer and ultimately other cancers too, such as oropharynx, esophagus, larynx, rectum, liver, and stomach. According too the ACS, alcohol is an underrated culprit in a lot of cancers and women need to be especially cautious as alcohol can interfere with hormone levels, and increase their susceptibility to carcinogens which elevate their risk for cancer.
Stay Positive & Exercise
Exercise is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cancer. The National Cancer Institute reports that exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer, particularly colon, breast, endometrial, and lung cancers. A positive attitude is also important as a Mayo Clinic study showed that people with a positive attitude get more physical activity, follow a healthier diet, and have reduced rates of smoking and alcohol consumption- all good things when working to reduce your risk factors for cancer.
Protect your skin
Over one million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed each year and radiation from the sun is the primary cause of skin cancer. Protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is important all year round, not just during the summer or at the beach. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention recommends limiting sun exposure, and using sunscreen with sun protective factor (SPF) of 15 or higher that protects against both UVA and UVB rays. The CDC also cautions against indoor tanning beds, which have been classified as a human carcinogen. Because melanoma is such an aggressive cancer, be sure to see your doctor right away for any suspicious legions- those that may be discolored, asymmetrical or unusual looking.
Screenings Find Cancers Early
Some cancers can be found early, before they have a chance to grow and spread. Dr. Ghouse relies on the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for guidelines. Here are their recommended screenings for women:
Breast Cancer
Women should have a mammogram annually beginning at age 40. Those with a family history of breast cancer may need to begin screening before turning 40. Talk to your doctor about your risk factors.
Cervical Cancer
A Pap test which screens for cervical cancer is recommended for women beginning at age 21. Recent updates recommend that women under the age of 65 have a Pap test at least every three to five years, depending on their risk factors. Your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings for those who have had questionable Pap results in the past or those with a family history of cervical cancer.
Colon Cancer
A screening colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years, beginning at age 50. Earlier or more frequent colonoscopies may be recommended for those with family history, inflammatory bowel disease, or personal history of polyps.
Lung Cancer
Recent guidelines suggest screening for high-risk patients, which include those aged 54 to 74 with a history of smoking. If you have these risk factors, talk with your doctor about a low-dose chest CT scan, which can detect early lung cancer.
Dr. Ghouse is a member of the medical staff at Porter. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Ghouse at Porter Hematology-Oncology, call 219.983.6260.